ABSTRACT
Objective: To ascertain the compliance to Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act(COTPA) 2003 which ensures the protection of children from the adverse health effects ofsecond hand smoke. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the compliance of 32educational institutions and 157 points of sale of Shimla city. Results: About 88% of theeducational institutions and mere 7.6% points of sale were found having good compliance tothe key indicators. No point of sale was found within the premises of educational institutions;however, 26% were found selling tobacco products within 100 metres radius of aneducational institution. 7.6% points of sale were found selling a tobacco product to children.Conclusion: Despite having the status of a smoke-free city, lapses were observed incompliance to the Act. Strict adherence to the provisions of the Act would ultimately lead to asmoke-free environment for our children
ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco smoking is a global phenomenon, associated not only with health but also with other issues like employment, trade and revenue. However, the ill aspects of tobacco outweigh any productivity related to it. Various regulatory measures have been devised to control this menace at national as well as international level. In India, COTPA-2003 legislation intends to control and regulate tobacco consumption, advertisement and trade. Methods: The present study assessed the compliance of 157 points of sale and 59 tobacco products to the Sections 5,7,8,9 and 10 of the smoke free legislation using a structured observational checklist. Results: In total (41%) POS were advertising tobacco in one or other form with product showcasing (64%) being the most common modality of advertisement. Actual advertisement boards were seen at only 14.6% of POS. About 87% of the advertisement boards carried a health warning. Loose cigarettes were being sold at about 77% of the POS. All tobacco products available in the city were observed to display good compliance; however none of the smoke product displayed nicotine and tar content on the pack. Conclusions: Negligible number of PoS was seen to display an actual advertisement. Almost all tobacco products displayed good compliance to the Act. The striking shortcoming was the absence of nicotine and tar content on the package of the product even after 16 years of enactment. Discrepancies need to be addressed appropriately supplemented with aggressive monitoring of adherence to the Act in order to sustain the smoke free status of the city.
ABSTRACT
A variety of syndromes/disorders (genetic/acquired) are encountered in our day-to-day life. Among them, ectodermal dysplasia is a rare syndrome which is transmitted as x-linked recessive/dominant disorder and is known to majorly affect males as compared to females. Clinically, it is observed that there is presence of partial or complete anodontia with conical teeth along with maxillary retrusion, prominent supraorbital ridges or frontal bossing, fine and blond, scanty hair (resembling lanuogo), deformed or absent nails, facial physiognomy (fairy-like face) and reduced sweating. Early diagnosis remains the key for the management of ectodermal dysplasia. Since patient suffers from unpleasant appearance (due to partial or complete anodontia); hence, dental management includes replacement of teeth by either fixed/removable partial or complete dentures /implant- supported dentures. We present a case of ectodermal dysplasia with features of oligodontia, severely deficient alveolar processes and maxillary retrusion which was managed with tooth-supported complete overdentures.